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What type of optical splitter

ODN and passive infrastructure knowledge brief Published 19 Apr 2024

Prepared for preliminary research by the GESTIONVAL ODN knowledge desk. Confirm network topology, split ratio, box or cabinet capacity, joint closure rating and loss budget against current standards and product documentation.

Optical splitters are essential components in fiber optic networks, used to divide a single optical signal into multiple outputs or combine multiple signals into one. The two main types are PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) splitters and FBT (Fused Biconic Tapered) splitters.1. PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) Splitters
  • Description: PLC splitters are integrated waveguide devices that evenly distribute optical signals from one input fiber to multiple output fibers. They are manufactured using semiconductor technology on a quartz substrate.
  • Advantages:
    • Uniform Light Distribution: Ensures even signal distribution, which is critical for maintaining signal quality.
    • Low Insertion Loss: Offers minimal signal loss during the splitting process.
    • Compact Design: Can support many branching channels, often exceeding 32 channels, making them suitable for large networks.
  • Applications: Commonly used in Passive Optical Networks (PON) such as FTTH (Fiber to the Home), GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network), and EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) .
2. FBT (Fused Biconic Tapered) Splitters
  • Description: FBT splitters are created by fusing and tapering two or more optical fibers together. This method allows light entering a single fiber to be distributed among the output fibers in a predetermined ratio.
  • Advantages:
    • Simplicity: Generally easier to manufacture and install compared to PLC splitters.
    • Cost-Effective: Often less expensive for lower channel counts.
  • Disadvantages: Higher insertion loss compared to PLC splitters, especially in larger configurations .
3. Other Types and Configurations
  • Unbalanced Splitters: These splitters can allocate different amounts of optical power to different outputs, optimizing resource utilization in specific applications .
  • Common Configurations: Splitters are available in various configurations, such as 1x2, 1x4, 1x8, and up to 1x64, depending on the number of output fibers required .
Conclusion

Optical splitters play a crucial role in modern fiber optic networks, enabling efficient signal distribution and maximizing the use of fiber resources. Understanding the different types and their applications is essential for designing effective optical communication systems.

What type of optical splitter - GESTIONVAL ODN INFRASTRUCTURE S.L. [PDF]

What type of optical splitter

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This reference is intended for preliminary ODN and passive infrastructure research. Topology, split ratio, box or cabinet capacity, closure rating, cable type, test limits and applicable standards must be verified for the specific project.

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