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Direct-connection cable optical module

ODN and passive infrastructure knowledge brief Published 24 Nov 2022

Prepared for preliminary research by the GESTIONVAL ODN knowledge desk. Confirm network topology, split ratio, box or cabinet capacity, joint closure rating and loss budget against current standards and product documentation.

Direct connection cables, including DAC and AOC, provide high-speed, short-distance links between optical modules or network devices without the need for separate transceivers.Types of Direct Connection Cables

1. Direct Attach Copper (DAC) Cables DAC cables are pre-terminated copper cables that connect two optical modules directly. They are cost-effective for short distances (typically up to 7 meters) and are available in passive and active versions. Passive DACs are simpler and cheaper, while active DACs include signal conditioning for longer reach and higher reliability . 2. Active Optical Cables (AOC) AOCs are fiber-based cables with integrated transceivers at each end. They support longer distances than DACs (up to 100 meters or more) and are suitable for high-speed connections like 40G, 100G, or 400G. AOCs are plug-and-play and reduce the need for separate optical transceivers . 3. MTP/MPO Cables For high-density environments, MTP/MPO multi-core fiber cables are used. These cables can connect multiple fibers in a single interface, supporting parallel transmission for high-speed modules. They come in trunk cables for main links and breakout cables to split multi-core connections into single or dual-core connectors for direct module connections .

Connector Types and Compatibility
  • LC, SC, MPO/MTP are common connectors. LC is widely used for 1G–25G modules, SC for older 1G systems, and MPO/MTP for high-density 100G–400G modules .
  • Wavelength and fiber type must match the optical module: multimode fibers (OM3/OM4) typically operate at 850nm, while single-mode fibers (OS2) operate at 1310nm or 1550nm .
  • Vendor compatibility is important; some network equipment requires vendor-specific EEPROM information, but third-party DACs and AOCs are often tested to work reliably with multiple vendors .
Application Recommendations
  • Use DACs for short-distance, cost-sensitive connections within racks.
  • Use AOCs for longer distances or when reducing electromagnetic interference is important.
  • Use MTP/MPO cables in data centers for high-density, high-speed parallel connections.
  • Always ensure fiber type, connector type, and module speed match to avoid signal loss or link failure . By selecting the appropriate direct connection cable based on distance, speed, and module type, you can achieve reliable, high-performance optical links while optimizing cost and installation efficiency.

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Direct-connection cable optical module

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Technical note

This reference is intended for preliminary ODN and passive infrastructure research. Topology, split ratio, box or cabinet capacity, closure rating, cable type, test limits and applicable standards must be verified for the specific project.

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